Facts on Epilepsy

typg;G Neha; tho;f;iff;F jilapy;iy

Njrpa typg;G Neha; jpdk;.17.11.2012 lhf;lh; vk;.V.myPk;. vk;.b. b.vk; (ePANuh) %is euk;gpay; Nguhrphpah; fp. M. ng. tp];tehjk; muR kUj;Jtf; fy;Yhhp kfhj;kh mz;zy; fhe;jp kUj;Jtkid jpUr;rp -620017

1)typg;G Neha; vd;why; vd;d?

typg;G Neha; vd;gJ %isapd; Fiwghl;bdhy; Vw;gLtjhFk;. typg;G NehAs;s egHfspd; %is nry;fs; mrhjhuz kpd;dhw;wiy cUthf;fp typg;Gfis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. rpy epfo;Tfspy; typg;G vd;gJ cjwy; fl;Lg;ghlw;w ,af;fq;fs; kw;Wk; RaepidT ,og;G Mfpatw;iw Vw;gLj;jyhk; kw;w rkaq;fspy; typg;G vd;gJ Fwpg;gpl;l Neuj;jpw;Ff; Fog;gk.; ntwpj;J Nehf;Fjy; my;yJ jir typfs; Mfpatw;iw kl;Lk; Vw;gLj;Jk;. xU Kiw kl;Lk; Njhd;Wk; typg;G vd;gJ typg;G NehahfhJ. typg;G NehAs;stHfSf;F mbf;fb typg;G epfo;Tfs; Njhd;Wk;.

typg;G Neha; vd;gJ xU kdNehay;y kw;Wk; mJ mwpTj;jpwd; FiwghL ,Ug;gjw;fhd mwpFwpAk; my;y. typg;G NehAs;s xUtH kw;wtiuf; fhl;bYk; ve;j tpjj;jpYk; tpj;jpahrkhdtuy;y.

typg;G ahUf;F Ntz;LkhdYk; ve;j tajpy; Ntz;LkhdhYk; tuyhk;. 0.5% ypUe;J 2% tiuahd kf;fSf;F mth;fsJ MAs;fhyj;jpy; typg;G Vw;glhyhk;. ,e;jpahtpy; 1Nfhb NgUf;F typg;G cs;sJ.

2) typg;G vd;d nra;fpwJ?

%isapy; kpd;Ndhl;lij Muk;gpf;Fk; fhuzpfSf;Fk; mjid fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; fhuzpfSf;Fk; ,ilNa xU rpwg;ghd rkepiy cs;sJ NkYk; kpd;Ndhl;l nray;ghl;bd; gutiy tiuaWf;Fk; mikg;GfSk; cs;sd. typg;gpd;NghJ ,e;j tiuaiwfs; nraypoe;J mrhjhzkhd kpd;ntspNaw;wk; Vw;glyhk;. xUtUf;F ,uz;LKiw ,e;j gpbg;G Vw;gLk;NghJ mJ typg;G vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

typg;G Vw;gl gy ntspg;gilahd fhuzq;fs; cs;sd. mtw;wpy; rpy fPNo gl;bapyplg;glL;s;sd:

(i)fha;r;ry; (ii)gpwtp FiwghLfs; (nlypthpapy; f~;lk; ) (iii)%is FiwghLfs;/%is fl;b (iv)Neha;j;; njhw;w(nkdpd;[pl;b];) (vi)jiyapy; fhak;(tpOjy;/tpgj;J) (vii)Ntfkh kpd;Dk; iyl;fs;/fyh;fs; (btpapy;) (viii)RlePhpy; jiyf;F Fspg;gJ (ix)kUe;Jfspd; tpisTfs; (x)msTf;fjpfkhf kJ mUe;Jjy; (xi)Jhf;fkpd;ik (xii)gl;bdp (xiii)czh;Tf;NfhshW (xiv)khjtpyf;F fhyk;

3)typg;G vd;why; vd;d?

typg;G vd;gJ %is nry;fs; mrhjhuz kpd;dhw;wiy cUthf;Ftjhy; Vw;gLk; mrhjhuz fl;Lg;ghlw;w ,af;fq;fs; my;yJ elj;ijfisf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy;yhFk;. typg;G NehAs;s egHfSf;F typg;Gfs; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; Njhd;Wk;. typg;G Neha; rpy rkaq;fspy; “typg;Gf; FiwghL” vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

4)typg;Gfs; midj;Jk; xNu khjphp ,Uf;Fkh?

,Uf;fhJ. gy tifahd typg;Gfs; cs;sd. ed;F mwpag;gl;Ls;s tifahd typg;G nghJthd Nlhdpf; f;Nshdpf; typg;G vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ (,J Kd;G jPtpu typg;G vd;wiof;fg;gl;lJ. rpy rkaq;fspy; mJ ,rpT vd;Wk; miof;fg;gl;lJ. jPtpu typg;G Vw;gLk; xUth; nghJthf Raepidtpoe;J kaf;fkile;J fPNo tpOe;JtpLfpwhh;. 30 Kjy; 60 nehbfSf;F cly; tpiwg;ghf MfptpLk;. mjd;gpd; 30 Kjy; 60 nehbfSf;F cly; fLikahf cjwj; njhlq;FfpwJ. typg;G Kbe;jTld; me;egh; Mo;e;j cwf;fj;jpw;Fr; nrd;WtpLthh; my;yJ gy kzp Neuj;jpw;F Jhf;f epiyapNyh my;yJ Fog;g epiyapNyh ,Uf;ff;$Lk;. typg;G my;yJ mjw;F rw;W Kd; ele;j epfo;r;rpfs; gw;wp mtUf;F VJk; epidtpy;yhky; Nghfyhk;.

NtnwhU tif typg;G Vw;gLk;NghJ me;egUf;F ,uz;nlhU nehbfSf;F xd;WNk Ghpahj epiy Vw;glyhk; mtHfs; Fwpg;gpd;wp Rw;wp tUtJld; Fog;g epiyapYk; ,Uf;ff;$Lk;. vdNt midj;J typg;GfSNk clypy; cjwiy Vw;gLj;Jtjpy;iy (,rpT)

5)typg;GNeha; xU kuGtop Nehah?

ngUk;ghyhd NehahspfSf;F mJ xU kuGtop Nehay;y. rpy tif typg;G Neha;fspy; kl;Lk; typg;G Neha; Njhd;Wtjw;fhd fhuzp 2-4% mstpw;F kuGtopapy; ngwg;gLfpwJ mjhtJ ngUk;ghyhdtHfSf;F kuGtop mk;rk; ,Ug;gjpy;iy. typg;G NehapYs;s xU kpfg;nghpa jtwhd fUj;J ,JntahFk;. 6)typg;G Neha; gutf;$ba jd;ik nfhz;ljh?

,y;iy typg;G Neha; guTtjpy;iy. cq;fshy; ahhplkpUe;Jk; typg;G Nehiag; ngw KbahJ.

7)typg;G Nehia Vw;gLj;JtJ vJ?

typg;G NehAs;s gj;J egHfspy; VO NgUf;F fhuzk; vijAk; fz;lwpa Kbatpy;iy. kw;wtHfSf;F %is nra;Ak; tpjj;jpy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jf;$ba gy tp~aq;fspy; mJ vJthf Ntz;LkhdhYk; ,Uf;fyhk;. cjhuzkhf jiyapy; Vw;gLk; fhaq;fs; my;yJ Foe;ij gpwg;gpd;NghJ gpuhzthA gw;whf;Fiw Mfpait %isapYs;s El;gkhf kpd; mikg;ig Nrjg;gLj;jpapUf;ff;$Lk;. kw;w fhuzq;fs; %isf; fl;bfs; kuGtop epiyfs; (bAgu]; ];fpnyNuh]p];) fhhPa er;R gpwg;gpw;F Kd;Ng %is tsHr;rpapy; gpur;ridfs; Njhd;Wjy; %isAiwaow;rp kw;Wk; %isAiwapy; ePH NfhHj;jy; Nghd;w njhw;Wf;fs; MFk;. typg;G Neha; ngUk;ghYk; Foe;ijg; gUtj;jpd; epiyahfNt fUjg;gl;lhYk; tho;f;ifapd; ve;j Neuj;jpYk; mJ Njhd;wf;$Lk; xt;nthU Mz;Lk; Vw;gLk; 30% Gjpa epfo;Tfs; Foe;ijg; gUtj;jpy; jhd; njhlq;Ffpd;wd Fwpg;ghf Foe;ijg;gUt Muk;g epiyapYk; tpliyg; gUtj;jpYk; Njhd;Wfpd;wd. kpf mjpf epfo;Tfs; Njhd;Wk; ,d;ndhU fhyfl;lkhdJ 65 taijf; fle;j Kjpa egHfsplk; Vw;gLtjhFk;. 8)typg;Gf; FiwghL ,Ug;gjhf re;Njfk; Vw;gl;lhy; ehd; vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk;?

cq;fSf;Nfh my;yJ cq;fs; md;Gf;Fhpath; ahUf;NfDk; typg;G Vw;gLtjhf ePq;fs; fUjpdhy; vd;d elf;fpwJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J cq;fs; kUj;JtUld; ePq;fs; fye;jhNyhrpg;gJ Kf;fpakhFk;. ,e;j mrhjhuz epfo;Tfs; vg;Nghnjy;yhk; Vw;gLfpd;wd mit Njhd;Wk; Kiw gw;wpa gjpTfis itj;jpUf;fTk;. ePq;fs; tpsf;FtJ xU tifahd typg;G Neha;jhdh vd;gij eph;zapg;gjw;F ePq;fs; kUj;JtUf;F mspf;Fk; tptuq;fs; mtUf;F cjtf;$Lk;.

9)typg;G Neha; vt;thW fz;lwpag;gLfpwJ? typg;G Nehiaf; fz;lwptjw;F kUj;JtUf;Fs;s Kf;fpa fUtpahdJ typg;Gfs; vt;thW Njhw;wkspj;jd kw;wk; mit Njhd;Wtjw;F rw;W Kd; vd;d ele;jJ vd;gJ gw;wp ,ad;wtiu mjpfkhd tptuq;fisf; nfhz;l ftdkhd fle;j fhy kUj;Jt tptuq;fshFk;. ,uz;lhtJ Kf;fpa futpahdJ Xh; vyf;l;Nyhvd;nr/gNyhfpuhk; (,,[p) MFk;. mJ jiyAld; ,izf;fg;gLfpd;w nky;ypa xah;fs; %yk; Nrfhpf;fg;gLk; %isapd; miyfis NfhLfshf ,r;rhjdj;jhy; gjpT nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. typg;gpd;NghJ my;yJ typg;GfSf;kpilapy; Vw;gLk; %isapy; miyfs; xU Fwpg;gpl;l tbtq;fisf; fhl;Ltjhy; xUtUf;F typg;G Neha; cs;sjh vd;gij KbT nra;tjw;F mit kUj;JtUf;f cjTfpd;wd. Nehawpjy; epr;rakw;wjhf ,Ue;jhy; ,,[p-tPbNah fz;fhzpg;G gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;. ,t;tifahd Nrhjidapy; typg;G Vw;gLk;NghJ %isapd; nray;ghl;il ,,[p fz;fhzpg;gJld; clypd; ,af;fj;ijAk; elj;ijiaAk; Nfkuhf;fs; tPbNah ehlhtpy; gjpT nra;Ak;. typg;Gfis Vw;gLj;jf;$ba tifapy; %isapy; VNjDk; tsh;r;rpfs; tLf;fs; my;yJ NtW VNjDk; epiyfs; cs;sdth vd;gijj; NjLtjw;fhf gpk;g Kiwfshd rpb (fk;g;A+l;liu];L NlhNkhfpuh/gp) my;yJ vk;Mh;I (khf;dbf; nun]hdd;]; ,Nk[pq;) ];Nfd;fs; gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;. Rpy Muha;r;rp ikaq;fspy; typg;Gfis cUthf;Fk; %isapd; Fwpg;gpl;l gFjpfis milahsk; fhz;gjw;fhf gh]pl;uhd; vkp~d; NlhNkhfpuh/gp (ngl;) gpk;g Kiw gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. 10)typg;G Vw;gLtjpypUe;J xUth; jd;id vt;thW fhj;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;? Ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;s kUe;Jfis rhpahf vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; rhpahd cwf;f Row;rpia guhkhpjpjy; mrhjhuz neUf;fbfis jtph;j;jy; kw;Wk; jdJ kUj;Jthpd; mwpTWj;jy;fis gpd;gw;Wjy; Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; typg;G Neha; cs;s xUtuhy; jdJ typg;G epfo;Tfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j KbAk;. njhlh; kUj;Jt kjpg;gPL kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;G tUiffis Nkw;nfhs;Sjy; MfpaitAk; Kf;fpakhFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; xUth; midj;ijAk; gpd;gw;Wk;NghJk; my;yJ mth; nra;a Ntz;batw;iwr; nra;Ak;NghJk;$l typg;Gfs; Njhd;wf;f$Lk;. 11)typg;Gfs; %isf;F ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jf;$Lkh? ,y;iy. mjw;F khwhf %is ghjpg;G (ck;. jiyapy; Vw;gLk; fhak; %isf; fha;r;ry; my;yJ %isrhh;e;j ,af;ff; FiwghL) typg;G Nehia Vw;gLjjyhk; 12)typg;G Neha;f;F vt;thW rpfpr;iraspf;fg;gLfpwJ? kUe;Jfs; mWit rpfpr;ir rpwg;G czTKiw my;yJ thf]; euk;igj; Jhz;Ltjw;fhf epuyikf;fg;gl;l rhjdk; xd;iw nghUj;Jjy; (tpvd;v]; rpfpr;ir) Mfpait %yk; typg;G Neha;f;F rpfpr;iraspf;fyhk;. ,r;rpfpr;ir KiwfspNyNa kUe;Jfs; jUk; Kiwjhd; nghJthf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtJld; mJjhd; Kjypy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,k;kUe;Jfs; gy;NtW tifahd typg;Gfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ,aYkhdhy; xNu tifahd kUe;jpdhy; typg;Gfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j kUj;Jth; Kaw;rpj;jhYk; xd;Wf;Fk; mjpfkhd tif typg;Gfshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s xUth; mjpf tif kUe;Jfis vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. clypy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l epiyia milAk; tiu typg;G jLg;G kUe;Jfs; (typg;G Neha; vjph;g;G kUe;J my;yJ typg;G vjph;g;G kUe;J vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLgit) rhpahf Ntiy nra;ahJ kw;Wk; mf;Fwpg;gpl;l epiy guhkhpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vg;NghJ kw;Wk; vt;tsT kUe;J cl;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ Fwpj;j kUj;Jthpd; mwpTWj;jy;fis ftdkhfg; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk; typg;Gfisj; jLg;gjw;F NghJkhd msT cah;e;j epiyapy; Mdhy; mNj Neuk; mjpf Jhf;f czh;itNah my;yJ tpUk;gj;jgfhj gf;ftpisTfisNah Vw;gLj;jhj msTy; ,uj;;jj;ij itj;Jf; nfhs;tNj Fwpf;NfhshFk;. 13)vdf;F typg;G Neha; ,Ue;jhy; ehd; jpdrhp kUe;ij vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lkh? Mk;. cq;fs; typg;Gfs; Vw;glhj NghjpYk; kw;Wk; cq;fSf;F typg;G Vq;glhJ vd;W ePq;fs; wpidf;Fk; rkaq;fspYk;$l cq;fs; kUe;ij ePq;fs jpdrhp vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. typg;Gfisj; jLg;gjw;F cq;fs; kUj;Jth; cq;fSf;Ff; $wpAs;sijg; NghyNt kUe;ij ePq;fs; njhlh;e;J vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

14)vd; kUe;ij vLj;Jf;nfhs;s ehd; kwe;Jtpl;lhy; ehd; vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk; xU kUe;jsit ePq;fs; kwe;Jtpl;lij mwpe;Jnfhz;l clNdNa nghJthf cq;fs; kUe;ij ePq;fs; vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. cq;fs; fle;j kUe;jstpypUe;J 24 kzp Neuk; fle;J tpl;bUe;jhy; mwpTWj;jYf;fhf cq;fs; kUj;Jtiu miof;fTk;; 15)vdf;F typg;G Vw;glg;NghfpwJ vd;W ehd; epidj;jhy ehd; $Ljyhf kUe;ij vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lkh? $lhJ. cq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l NjitfSf;F Vw;wthW kpff; ftdj;Jld; cq;fs; typg;G Neha;f;F ePq;fs; vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; kUe;jpd; msT mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. cq;fs; kUj;Jthpd; xg;Gjy; ,d;wp $Ljyhf kUe;ij vLj;Jf; nfhs;sf;$lhJ. 16)ehd; epue;jukhf kUe;ij vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;bapUf;Fkh? typg;G Neha; cs;s rpyuhy; kUe;J vLj;Jf; nfhs;tij epWj;jptpl Kbayhk; ,Ug;gpDk; ,e;j Kbit cq;fs; kUj;Jth;jhd; vLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ePq;fSk; cq;fs; kUj;JtUk; kUe;Jf; vLj;Jf; nfhs;tij epWj;Jk; Kbit vLg;gjw;FKd; gy Nfs;tpfis fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,it cq;fs; typg;Gfs; ve;j mstpw;F tpiuthff; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ld vj;jid fhyj;jpw;F ePq;fs; typg;Gfs; VJkpd;wp ,Ue;Js;sPh;fs; kw;Wk; cq;fs; gpur;idia ghjpf;ff;$ba NtW VNjDk; cly;eyf;FiwTfs cq;fSf;F ,Uf;fpwjh vd;gdtw;iw cs;slf;fpajhFk;. 17)typg;G Neha;f;Fk; Jhf;fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapYs;s cwT vd;d?

typg;G Neha;f;Fk; Jhf;fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilA+W Vw;gLtJ typg;Gfis jPtpug;gLj;jyhk;. rpy typg;Gfs; cwf;f epiyapy; mbf;fb Njhd;Wfpd;wd ck;. %isapd; Kd; gFjp typg;G Neha; kuGtopapy; Njhd;Wk; Kjd;ikahd nghJthd typg;G Neha;.

18)typg;G Neha; cs;s ngz;fs; fUTw;why; vd;dthFk;? fl;Lg;ghlw;w typg;Gfs; fUtpYs;s Foe;ijia ghjpf;ff;$Lk;. typg;G Neha;f;fhd kUe;Jk; fUtpYs;s Foe;ijia ghjpf;fyhk;. fUTw;wpUf;Fk;NghJ kUe;J vLj;Jf; nfhs;tJ gw;wpa KbTfis mjd; ,lh;fs; kw;Wk; ed;ikfisg; gw;wp Ngrpagpd; ePq;fSk; cq;fs; kUj;JtUk; vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

19)r%fg; gpur;rid

A)Ntiytha;G

nra;aNtz;bait

• typg;G Vw;gl;lhy; cq;fsJ capUf;F Mgj;J Vw;glhj tifapyhd Ntiyia Njh;e;njLq;fs;.

• Ntiytha;g;ig mjpfhpf;Fk; tifapy; cq;fsJ fy;tp kw;Wk; jpwikia tsh;f;f Kaw;rp nra;Aq;fs;
• jFe;j ghJfhg;G eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;sTk;.

nra;af;$lhjit

• fPpo;f;fz;lit njhlh;ghd Ntiyfis nra;a Ntz;lhk;:

• biuth my;yJ tpkhdj;jpd; igyl;
• ePr;ry; mbj;jy;
• Vwjy; my;yJ cauj;jpy; gzpGhpjy;
• fduf ,ae;jpuq;fs; my;yJ vyf;l;hpf; fUtpfSld; Ntiy nra;jy;.

B)jpUkzk; kw;Wk; Foe;ij

nra;aNtz;bait

• jpUkz tho;f;ifia jpwk;gl elj;j KbAk; vd;why; kl;LNk jpUkzk; nra;Aq;fs;
• fh;g;gkhFjiy jpl;lkpLq;fs; fh;g;gkhFjYf;F Kd;djhf vLf;f Ntz;ba kUe;Jfs; gw;wp cq;fsJ kUj;JtUld; Mnyhrid nra;Aq;fs;.
• ghYhl;Ltij gw;wp cq;fsJ kUjJthpld; Mnyhrid nra;Jtpl;L ePq;fs; tof;fk; Nghy ghy; nfhLf;fyhk;

nra;af;$lhjit

• jpUkzk; cq;fs; typg;G Nehia Fzg;gLj;Jk; vd;w fUj;NjhL jpUkzk; nra;ahjPh;fs;.
• cq;fsJ tho;f;if Jizth; kw;Wk; mtuJ cwtpdh;fsplk; cq;fsJ Nehia gw;wp $whky; kiwf;fhjPh;fs;
• cq;fsJ fh;g;g fhyk; KOtJk; tof;fkhf kUe;J vLf;f Ntz;Lk;

C)typg;G NehNahL thOjy;

xt;nthUtUk; jq;fsJ typg;G Neha; gw;wp mjd; tif kw;Wk; vt;tsT fhy ,ilntspapy; Vw;gLfpwJ kw;Wk; typg;G tUtij gw;wp $wf;$ba jd;ik gw;wp tpj;jpahrkhf $Wfpd;wdh; ngUk;ghyhd Nf];fspy; kUe;Jtypg;G Njhd;Wtij epWj;j KbAk; my;yJ Fiwe;j gl;rk; Mr;rhpag;glj;jf;f tifapy; mjid Fiwf;Fk; cq;fsJ tho;f;if Kiwapy; khw;wk; nra;a tpUk;Gk; tha;g;Gfis gy fhuzpfs; ghjpf;Fk; D)fy;tp

Foe;ijfs; ehd;F tajpypUe;j fy;tp fw;Fk; chpik nfhz;lth;fs;. ngUk;ghyhd typg;Gs;s Foe;ijfs; gs;spfs; kw;Wk; fy;Yhhpfspy; gbf;fpd;wdh;. Vnddpy; typg;G vd;gJ jdpeguJ epiyahFk; mJ xUtuJ fy;tp kw;Wk; fw;Fk; jpwikia ghjpg;gjpy; MSf;F Ms; NtWglyhk;.

Njh;T epiyapy; kjpg;gpLk;NghJ typg;G Neha; ,Ug;gJ xUtuJ jpwikia kjpg;gpLtij ghjpf;fhJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; kdf;ftiy Vw;gLk;NghJ my;yJ xU ehspy; Fwpg;gpl;l Neuj;jpy; typg;G Vw;glyhk; vd;W fUJgth;fs; Njh;T Fwpj;J MNyhrid nra;aNtz;Lk;. mJNghd;w Neuq;fspy; Njh;T Fwpj;J gs;sp fy;Yhhp gy;fiyfof mjpfhhpfSld; MNyhrpg;gJ cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;.

E)tpisahl;L kw;Wk; nghOJNghf;F

gugug;ghf gzpGhpAk;NghJ mth;fSf;F typg;G tUtjw;fhd tha;g;G Fiwthf cs;sJ. rpy Ntiyfs; kw;w Ntiyfis tpl Mgj;J kpFe;jjhf cs;sd. cq;fsJ tpisahl;L kw;Wk; nghOJNghf;Ffs; Fwpj;J Rje;jpukhf Muha;e;J ghUq;fs;. jFe;j ghJfhg;G Kd;ndr;rhpf;iffshy; ngUk;ghyhd Mgj;Jfis Fiwj;J tplyhk;.

F)vdf;F typg;G tUk;NghJ ehd; vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk;?

• typg;G epWj;j Kaw;rpf;f Ntz;lhk;
• typg;G Vw;gLk;NghJ thapy; vijAk; jpzpf;f Ntz;lhk;
• NghJkhd fhw;Nwhl;lk; ,Uf;FkhW ghh;j;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.
• the;jp vLg;gij tpOq;fptplhky; ,Uf;f ePq;fs; ,Uf;Fk; gf;fj;ij khw;wpf;nfhs;sTk;.
• Kbe;jtiu tpiutpy; kUj;Jtiu ghh;f;fTk;.

20)vdJ kUj;Jtiu ehd; vg;NghJ miof;f Ntz;Lk;? (i)typg;G 5 epkplq;fSf;F Nky; ePbj;jy;. (ii)typg;Gf;F Kd;Gk; gpd;Gk; ePq;fs; tof;fkhf czUk; tpjj;jpy; khWjy; Vw;gLjy;. (iii)typg;G Vw;gl;lgpd; ePq;fs; gioa epiyf;Fj; jpUk;g tof;fj;ijtpl mjpf Neukhjy;. (vi)cq;fs; typg;G mjpf jPtpukiljy; my;yJ mbf;fb Vw;gLjy.; (v)Kjy; typg;G Vw;gl;l clNdNa ,uz;lhtjhf typg;G Vw;gLjy;. (vi)typg;G Vw;gLtjw;F rw;W Kd; cq;fSf;Fj; jpBnud;W jiytyp,kuj;j czh;T my;yJ cq;fs; clypd; xU gf;fj;jpy; gytPdk; my;yJ cq;fs; ghh;it my;yJ Ngr;rpy; gpur;ridfs; Njhd;Wjy;. ,it gf;fthjj;jpw;fhd mwpFwpfshf ,Uf;fyhk;.

(vii)cq;fs; typg;G kUe;ij ePq;fs; khw;Wfpd;w my;yJ NtW VNjDk; kUe;Jfis vLj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;w ve;j Neuj;jpYk;. 21)typg;G NehAs;sth;fs; thfdq;fis Xl;l mDkjpf;fg;gLthh;fsh? ,e;jpahtpYs;s Nkhl;lhh; thfd rl;lj;jpd;gb xUtUf;F typg;G NehapypUe;J Koikahd Fzk; Vw;gl;L mth; kUe;Jfis vLj;Jf; nfhs;shj epiy ,Ue;jhYk; mtUf;F typg;G Neha; ,Ue;Js;sJ/,Uf;fpwJ vd;W mwptpj;jhNy mth; thfdk; Xl;l mDkjpf;fg;glkhl;lhh;. Nkw;fj;jpa ehLfspy; xUth; 6 khjq;fs;-2 Mz;LfSf;F typg;Gfs; ,y;yhky; ,Ue;jhy; mth; typg;G vjph;g;G kUe;Jfis (AEDf;fs;) cl;nfhz;bUe;jhYk; jdJ jdpg;gl;l thfdj;ij Xl;Ltjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gLthh;. 22)ahUf;fhtJ typg;G Vw;gl;lhy; ehd; vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk;? cq;fSf;F typg;G Neha; ,Ue;jhy; gpd;tUk; tptuq;fis cq;fs; FLk;gk; ez;gh;fs; kw;Wk; rf gzpahsh;fSld; ePq;fs; gfph;e;J nfhs;s tpUk;gyhk; cq;fSf;F mUfpYs;s xUtUf;F typg;G Vw;gl;lhy; gpd;tUk; nghJthd topKiwfisg; gpd;gw;wTk;;;;;;;;:

(i)mikjp fhf;fTk;. (ii)me;egiu ,d;ndhU ,lj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L nry;y Ntz;lhk;. (iii)mirjy; my;yJ eLf;fj;jpypUe;J me;egiu jLg;gjw;F Kaw;rpf;f Ntz;lhk; . (iv)mtiug; ghh;j;J $r;rypl;Nlh my;yJ cYf;fpNah mtiu vOg;g Kaw;rpf;f Ntz;lhk;. (v)me;egh; fhaj;ij Vw;gLj;jf;$ba nghUl;fs; kPJ tpOe;jhNyh my;yJ Nkhjpf; nfhz;lhNyh mtw;iw mfw;wptplTk;. (vi)me;egiu ,d;ndhU ,lj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L nry;y Ntz;lhk;. (vii)thapYs;s VNjDk; jputk; ntspNa tUtjw;F VJthf me;egiu nkd;ikahf xUGwkhfj; jpUg;gTk; xUNghJk; mtiu thiaj; jpwf;fr; nra;a Kaw;rpf;fNth my;yJ vijAk; cs;Ns NghlNth Ntz;lhk;;. (viii)kpUJthd vijNaDk; (jiyaiz Nghd;wJ) mth; jiyf;F mbapy; itf;fTk;;;. (ix)me;egh; typg;G Neha; cs;stuhf mwpag;glhjpUe;jhy; my;yJ typg;G 5 epkplq;fSf;Fk; mjpfkhf ePbj;jhy; Mk;Gyd;i] miof;fTk;. (x)typg;G Kbe;jgpd; me;egh; Fog;gkhd epiyapypUf;fpwhuh vd;gijf; ftdpf;fTk;. mth; tpUk;gpdhy; mtiu Xa;ntLf;fNth my;yJ cwq;fNth mDkjpf;fTk;.

23)rpfpr;irapd;NghJ Nkw;nfhs;sNtz;ba Kd;ndr;rhpf;iffs;

nra;aNtz;bait

• cq;fs; typg;G gw;wpa Kotpguq;fis cq;fsJ lhf;lUf;F njhptpf;fTk.;
• ePq;fs; gpwe;jNghJ Vw;gl;lfhak; Vw;gl;l fhak; euk;G kz;lyj;jpy; Vw;gl;l fhak; euk;G kz;lyj;jpy; Vw;w;gl;l njhw;WNeha typg;G Neha; gw;wpa cq;fsJ FLk;gj;jpd; kUj;Jt tuyhW gw;wpa tpguq;fis toq;fTk;.
• typg;G Neha; cs;s xUtUf;F xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l tifahd typg;Gfs; Vw;glyhk;.
• typg;G Nehia rpwg;ghf fl;Lg;gLj;j mjid Kd;djhf fz;lwpjy; kw;Wk; mjw;fhd kUj;Jt Mnyhrid Mfpait kpf Kf;fpakhdit MFk; cq;fsJ kUj;Jth; mwpTWj;JtJ Nghy jpdKk; kUe;ij vLj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.
• tPl;by; kUe;ij ,Ug;G itf;fTk; NkYk; kUj;Jth; vOjpf;nfhLj;j kUw;Jfspd; ngah;fs; kw;Wk; msit vLj;Jf;nfhs;s gof;fg; gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;
• cq;fsJ Neha; ed;whf fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lhy; mNj fk;ngdpapd; kUe;ij vLj;J tuTk; mNj kUe;ij kw;w fk;ngdpfSk; jahhpj;J khf;nfl;by; tpw;gidf;F tpl;bUf;fyhk;.
• cq;fSf;F typg;G Vw;gLk; fhy ,ilntsp kw;Wk; kw;w fUJf;fis gw;wp xU lahpapy; vOjTk;.
• Cq;fsJ lahpAld; kw;Wk; ePq;fs; Nfs;tp vJTk; Nfl;f tpUk;gpdhy; jpdKk; cq;fsJ kUj;Jtiu re;jpAq;fs;.
• Fiwe;j 3 Mz;L fhy ,ilntspahtJ typg;G Vw;glhky; ,Uf;f kUe;Jfis vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gij epidtpy; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
• cq;fsJ kUj;Jthpd; MnyhridAld; ePq;fs; btp ghh;f;fyhk; tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;bfspy; kw;Wk; nghOJ Nghf;F epfo;r;rpfspy; <Lglyhk;;.

nra;af;$lhjit

• cq;fSf;F Vw;gLk; gf;f tpisTfs; my;yJ kUe;ij rfpf;f Kbahj jd;ik Mfpait Fwpj;J cq;fsJ kUj;Jthplk; njhptpf;fTk;.
• xU euk;G kz;ly mtru epiyahf – typg;ig jpBnud mjpfhpf;fyhk; vd;gjhy; cldbahf kUe;ij epWj;j Ntz;lhk;;.
• ePq;fs; cq;fs; tpUg;gg;gb kUe;J fk;ngdpia khw;w Ntz;lhk;;.
• cq;fsJ lhf;lhpd; xg;Gjy; ,d;wp cq;fs; kUe;J msit Fiwf;fNth my;yJ mjpfhpf;fNth kw;Wk; mbf;fb vLj;Jf; nfhs;StNjh $lhJ.
• ePq;fs; NtWNeha;tha;g;gl;lhNyh fh;g;gkhf ,Ue;jhNyh my;yJ ,ju fhuzq;fSf;fhf kUe;ij epWj;jNth my;yJ Fiwf;fNth Ntz;lhk; fl;Lg;gLj;j Kbahj typg;gpw;fhd fhuzq;fs;jhd; ,it.

gpufhrkhd ntspr;rk; my;yJ mjpf rj;jj;ij jtph;f;fTk;.

24)ek;gpf;if cz;ikAk;

a) ek;gpf;if: typg;G rhjhuzkhdJ my;y.

cz;ik: ,e;jpahtpy; typg;G 1000y; 10 NgUf;F cs;sJ.

b) ek;gpf;if: typg;G xU njhw;WNeha;

cz;ik: typg;G Nehia xUth; kw;nwhUtiu njhLtjhNyh fhw;wpNyh cztpNyh jz;zPh; %ykhfNth my;yJ kw;w topfspNyh guthJ.

c) ek;gpf;if: typg;G Neha; Vw;gLgtiu fPNo mKf;fp gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;.

cz;ik: typg;G Neha; te;jtiu fl;Lg;gLj;jf; $lhJ mjdhy; fhak; Vw;glyhk;. Fbdkhd my;yJ $h;ikahd nghUl;fis topapypUe;J mfw;wptpl Ntz;Lk; mtuJ jiyf;F fPNo nkd;ikahd nghUis itf;fNtz;Lk;.

d) ek;gpk;ik: typg;GNehahy; mtjpg;gLgth; typg;G NehNahL gpwe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;

cz;ik: ngUk;ghYk; typg;G Neha; rpWth;fSf;Fk; ,isQh;fSf;Fk; Vw;gl;lhYk; ahUf;Fk; vg;NghJ Ntz;LkhdhYk; ,e;Neha; tuyhk;.

e) ek;gpf;if: typg;GNeha; vd;gJ mwpTf;Fiwtpd; milahsk;.

cz;ik: typg;G vd;gJ xU clypy; Vw;gLk; Neha; kdNehNah my;yJ CdNkh fpilahJ. mwptpy; rpwe;j gy Gfo;ngw;w gpuKfh;fSf;F typg;G Neha; te;jpUg;gij cjhuzkhf $wyhk;.

f)ek;gpf;if: ,e;j Nehahspfs; kPJ flTs; ,Uf;fpwhh; mth;fis topg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

cz;ik: typg;G Vw;gLk;NghJ mth;fs; fl;Lg;gLj;j KbahJ Kiwapy; ele;Jnfhs;fpd;whd Mdhy; ,J nja;tPf rf;jpapd; ntspg;ghL ,y;iy mth;fSf;F kUj;Jt rpfpr;ir mspf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; mth;fis NghyNt elj;j Ntz;Lk;.

g)ek;gpf;if: typg;G Neha; cs;sth;fs; FLk;gj;jpy; ,Ug;gJ FLk;gj;jpw;F fsq;fk; vdNt ,e;j cz;ikia kiwj;J tpl Ntz;Lk;.

cz;ik: Jujph;~;ltrkhf typg;;G Neha; cs;sth;fs; kw;Wk; mth;fsJ FLk;gj;jpd; kPjhd fsq;fk; ,d;Dk; epyTtJ njhlh;fpwJ. fy;tp mwptpd; %ykhf ,e;j fsq;fj;ij Nghf;f mj;jid Kaw;rpfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

jpUr;rpapy; cs;s kfhj;kh mz;zy; fhe;jp muR kUj;Jtkidapy; typg;G Neha;f;fhd rpfpr;irfs; Kjy;th; n[ayypjhtpd; Mizgb xt;nthU NehahspfSf;Fk; ,ytrkhf khjk; xUKiw typg;GNeha;fhz khj;jpiufs; ,ytrkhf jpq;fs; Gjd; nts;sp Mfpa fpoikfspy; toq;fg;gLfpwJ ,ij kf;fs; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

lhf;lh; vk;.V.myPk;. vk;.b. b.vk; (ePANuh) %is euk;gpay; Nguhrphpah; fp. M. ng. tp];tehjk; muR kUj;Jtf; fy;Yhhp kfhj;kh mz;zy; fhe;jp kUj;Jtkid 0jpUr;rp -620017